More than five million U.S. children have had one parent in prison at one time or another. These children have a higher number of other major, potentially traumatic life events—stressors that are most damaging all together.
Children with incarcerated parents ages 6 to 11 have been found to have more emotional difficulties, low school engagement, and more problems in school. Older youth, ages 11-17, have a greater likelihood of problems in school and less parental monitoring.
1 in 7 black children have had an incarcerated parent, but Child Trends reports that this statistic is likely a gross underestimation given the high percentage of single parent households in poor black communities.
International Rates of Incarceration 2011
Imprisonment Rate Per 100,000 People
Mass Incarceration
Federal Prison Population by offense, 2011
state prison population by offense, 2011
Racial Disparities
Rate of incarceration per 100,000, by gender, race, & ethnicity, 2011
White: Orange African American: Yellow Latino: Blue
Drug Policy
Number of people in prison and jail for drug offenses, 1980 and 2011